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Digital Inclusion Action Plan 2020–2021

Foreword

From late March 2020, New Zealand was at COVID-19 Alert Levels 4 and 3. During this time, thousands of people worked and learned from home instead of going into school, university or the office. Businesses had to rely on online ordering and payment systems to provide no-contact transactions for their customers, which was new territory for many.

This situation highlighted how fundamental digital inclusion is for New Zealand’s economic and social wellbeing, and how significant the real-world impacts are for those who are excluded. When the internet and digital devices become our main access point to the world outside our bubbles, those who didn’t have what they needed to participate were at a serious disadvantage. Beyond work and education, the internet became a vital tool during the lockdown to get help to people who needed it, build community, and share official information and updates from officials and elected representatives.

Our best estimate is that one in five people in New Zealand lack at least one of the four elements needed to be digitally included – motivation, access, skills or trust. The COVID-19 pandemic has further exposed the realities of the digital divide for New Zealanders who struggle to connect, communicate and get access to essential services. As the pandemic continues to exert social and economic pressure on New Zealanders, the challenges for digitally-excluded individuals and groups are likely to become more pronounced, with the impact of social inequality likely to be exacerbated.

Government has important roles to play towards ensuring everyone is digitally included, through funding and delivering services, and putting in strong foundations for ongoing, cohesive action towards a digitally included New Zealand. Our 2019 Digital Inclusion Action Plan focused on building strong foundations, and we’re proud of what we achieved. This year, the focus is on the delivery work government does to fund and provide services to people in New Zealand who are not digitally included.

This Action Plan is about the work going on across central government to achieve digital inclusion in New Zealand. Of course, we are not alone in working towards this goal. We will continue to work alongside others in the sector and community who provide crucial services and support, as well as listen to the people who face barriers to digital inclusion. We will also continue to join up across government to learn from each other and find ways to make the biggest impact we can.

Ann-Marie Cavanagh, Deputy Government Chief Digital Officer.

Department of Internal Affairs Te Tari Taiwhenua.

Background

In 2019, the New Zealand Government launched the Digital Inclusion Blueprint, which sets out the high-level vision that:

Everyone in New Zealand has what they need to participate in, contribute to, and benefit from a digital world.

Government's vision: The Digital Inclusion Blueprint

The Blueprint defines digital inclusion in New Zealand, sets out the barriers, current state, work already underway, and roles of government in the work towards achieving digital inclusion.

The Blueprint highlighted that there was no agreed approach for measuring digital inclusion in New Zealand, insufficient data to build a clear and actionable picture of who is not digitally included, and no overarching plan for where to focus future work.

The Blueprint included a five-year strategic direction for government’s work towards digital inclusion. The 2019 Digital Inclusion Action Plan focussed on “building the foundation” to address many of the issues highlighted in the Blueprint.

This Action Plan for 2020 and 2021 builds on the work done in 2019. There is an increased focus on work happening in different agencies to address aspects of digital inclusion. The Action Plan also highlights future opportunities and emerging issues to explore during 2020 and 2021, many of which have been highlighted as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Digital inclusion, more than getting a device and internet connection

It can be easy to think that achieving digital inclusion is just about making sure everyone has a digital device and is connected to the internet. While that is very important (and addresses access), digital exclusion is multi-faceted and can affect different people in different ways. This makes achieving full digital inclusion a complex task.

Digital inclusion is an end-state where everyone has equitable opportunities to participate in society using digital technologies.

Digital Inclusion Research Group, 2017

For the purposes of this Action Plan, a digitally included person, whānau or community has convenient, reliable access to affordable, accessible digital devices and an internet connection, and can confidently use them in their day-to-day life. What it means to be digitally included will look different for different people — it is not one-size-fits all.

The framework we use to describe digital inclusion uses 4 interdependent elements which are needed for a person to be digitally included: motivation, access (including affordability, connectivity and accessibility), skills, and trust.

Access

Skills

Motivation

Trust

More information about what each of these elements look like in practice:

How digital inclusion is measured

Work towards a digitally included New Zealand is well underway

Digital inclusion work in New Zealand has an impact across 2 fronts.

Supporting individuals and communities

Supporting the wider digital inclusion system

Community organisations, iwi, hapū, businesses, libraries, philanthropic organisations, charities, and local and central government all provide services in 1 or both of the above areas, across the 4 elements of digital inclusion.

It is clear that no organisation or sector can solve this challenge on their own.

The role of government in digital inclusion

Making sure everyone in New Zealand is digitally included is a team effort.

Central government has an important part to play in, and our focus is on the following.

Deliver

Lead

Connect

Support

Where should effort be focussed?

A wide range of groups have been identified through research and engagement as being at risk of not being digitally included. Many initiatives underway inside and outside government aim to address the diverse needs of these groups. However, there is still a lot of work to do to ensure everyone is digitally included.

In 2019, the Department of Internal Affairs (DIA) commissioned a report from Motu Research, which identified Māori, Pacific peoples, people with disabilities, seniors (especially those over 75 years), those not employed or actively seeking work, and people living in larger country towns as groups where particular effort should be focused.

Report: Digital Inclusion and Wellbeing in New Zealand

Physical distancing requirements due to COVID-19 highlighted other areas to focus on, including ensuring students have what they need to learn from home, and that small and medium enterprises (SMEs) can have an effective digital presence.

The Digital Council of Aotearoa New Zealand has provided advice to Ministers about accelerating work towards digital inclusion and highlighted the importance of not looking at the elements of digital inclusion in isolation.

For example, the Council noted that making sure a household has a modem is not an effective intervention if people do not have the skills, motivation or support to get it working.

Beyond COVID-19: Advice to the Ministers from the Digital Council

Who delivers this Action Plan?

The range of initiatives to address 1 or more elements of digital inclusion are delivered by many different agencies, reporting to their respective Ministers.

The lead agency is noted under the description for each initiative in the Action Plan.

Actions that support the wider digital inclusion environment are largely led by the Digital Public Service branch of Department of Internal Affairs (DIA) under the Government Chief Digital Officer, Paul James, and reporting to the Minister for Government Digital Services.

In order to ensure there is coherence across all the work going on, there is oversight across the ‘digital inclusion system’ by a range of public sector Chief Executives through the Digital Government Leadership Group of the Digital Government Partnership.

More information to support the Action Plan

The Digital Inclusion Blueprint lays out the Government’s vision for digital inclusion in New Zealand, the role it will play and steps it will take toward realising this vision.

Government’s vision: The Digital Inclusion Blueprint

The Digital Inclusion Outcomes Framework describes how we will measure digital inclusion and its benefits in New Zealand.

How digital inclusion is measured

Digital Inclusion action plans:

Digital inclusion research:

Actions to support individuals, communities and the wider digital inclusion system

A wide range of government agencies provide services and distribute funding to address 1 or more elements of digital inclusion for different groups.

Many of these initiatives have had new funding allocated in 2020, reflecting the importance of digital inclusion in the context of New Zealand’s battle against, and recovery from, COVID-19.

This section highlights key initiatives across the sector and aims to give a high-level picture of the types of work underway. It is not a comprehensive list of all government initiatives that contribute to 1 or more elements of digital inclusion.

A wider stocktake of government initiatives was carried out in 2019:

Stocktake: Digital inclusion initiatives

Access: connectivity, affordability and accessibility

Many people do not have access to the internet at home, and if they do, need help using devices or accessing services.

2013 Census data suggests that between 45,000 to 70,000 New Zealanders have no landline telephone or internet.

A number of key initiatives underway focused on the ‘access’ element of digital inclusion, including:

Marae digital connectivity
Connected libraries
Regional digital hubs
Rural connectivity
Equitable access at home
Getting social housing connected to the internet
Ultra-Fast Broadband
Mobile Black Spot Fund
Sponsored data
Web accessibility

Skills: know how to use the internet and digital technology

Many people do not have the skills they need to comfortably engage with the digital world, whether that is for home, school or in their businesses.

About 5% of respondents in a 2014 OECD survey of adult skills in New Zealand had no prior experience with computers or lacked basic computer skills and 13% did not use a computer in everyday life.

About 45% of respondents had only very basic internet skills.

There are initiatives in this area that relate to the skills element of digital inclusion, but also touch on trust and motivation.

Building digital skills for individuals and whānau
Building digital skills for small to medium enterprises (SMEs)
Digital literacy training for seniors
Funding digital literacy programmes for adult learners
Marae Digital Connectivity Skills Initiative

Motivation: connect, learn, access opportunities and engage

In addition to initiatives to directly support people who are digitally excluded, research and insight gathering will continue to strengthen the sector’s understanding of the barriers and enablers to support New Zealanders to confidently connect to the digital world.

The evidence will continue to help government agencies create conditions, inform policy development and make better informed investment decisions.

A 2030 vision for digital equity
Supporting digital inclusion for Māori
User insights research

Trust: safety, digital understanding, confidence and resilience

Trust is broad and complex element and there is a lot work in this space.

A key focus for government is online safety and ensuring that people can safely go online is an important aspect of digital inclusion.

This Action Plan highlights two key initiatives currently underway.

Digital safety group
Creating a safe online environment for children and young people

Emerging issues and opportunities

The actions outlined in this plan address the 4 elements of digital exclusion for many of the groups most likely to be digitally excluded.

However, even when paired with the significant effort going on outside central government, New Zealand is unlikely to reach full digital inclusion in the next few years.

This work is given added urgency in our current pandemic environment, where New Zealand needs to be ready for any necessary moves to higher alert levels, including a return to widespread remote work, learning and contactless business.

This section outlines emerging issues and opportunities where actions could be developed in 2020 and 2021 to help accelerate work towards a digitally included New Zealand and mitigate specific risks arising as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Ensuring central government content and services can be used by everyone

Ensuring non-digital access to government services

Affordability of devices and internet connectivity

Robust data on connectivity

Other digitally disadvantaged groups

Further collaboration with the wider digital inclusion sector

Contact the Department of Internal Affairs Te Tari Taiwhenua digital inclusion team at digitalinclusion@dia.govt.nz.

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